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Oscillatory integral : ウィキペディア英語版
Oscillatory integral
In mathematical analysis an oscillatory integral is a type of distribution. Oscillatory integrals make rigorous many arguments that, on a naive level, appear to use divergent integrals. It is possible to represent approximate solution operators for many differential equations as oscillatory integrals.
==Definition==

An oscillatory integral f(x) is written formally as
: f(x) = \int e^\, a(x,\xi) \, \mathrm \xi
where \phi(x,\xi) and a(x,\xi) are functions defined on \mathbb_x^n \times \mathrm^N_\xi with the following properties.
:1) The function \phi is real valued, positive homogeneous of degree 1, and infinitely differentiable away from \ . Also, we assume that \phi does not have any critical points on the support of a . Such a function, \phi is usually called a phase function. In some contexts more general functions are considered, and still referred to as phase functions.
:2) The function a belongs to one of the symbol classes S^m_(\mathbb_x^n \times \mathrm^N_\xi) for some m \in \mathbb. Intuitively, these symbol classes generalize the notion of positively homogeneous functions of degree m . As with the phase function \phi , in some cases the function a is taken to be in more general, or just different, classes.
When m < -n + 1 the formal integral defining f(x) converges for all x and there is no need for any further discussion of the definition of f(x) . However, when m \geq - n+1 the oscillatory integral is still defined as a distribution on \mathbb^n even though the integral may not converge. In this case the distribution f(x) is defined by using the fact that a(x,\xi) \in S^m_(\mathbb_x^n \times \mathrm^N_\xi) may be approximated by functions that have exponential decay in \xi. One possible way to do this is by setting
: f(x) = \lim \limits_ \int e^\, a(x,\xi) e^ \, \mathrm \xi
where the limit is taken in the sense of tempered distributions. Using integration by parts it is possible to show that this limit is well defined, and that there exists a differential operator L such that the resulting distribution f(x) acting on any \psi in the Schwartz space is given by
: \langle f, \psi \rangle = \int e^ L \left ( a(x,\xi) \, \psi(x) \right ) \, \mathrm x \, \mathrm \xi
where this integral converges absolutely. The operator L is not uniquely defined, but can be chosen in such a way that depends only on the phase function \phi , the order m of the symbol a , and N. In fact, given any integer M it is possible to find an operator L so that the integrand above is bounded by C (1 + |\xi|)^ for |\xi| sufficiently large. This is the main purpose of the definition of the symbol classes.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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